What Causes Tape Deterioration?

Breakdown of the binder that holds the magnetic particles to the plastic tape backing is the main cause of tape deterioration. The polyester component of the binder absorbs moisture from the air. When that occurs, the polyester breaks down into an acid and an alcohol and looses its ability to hold the magnetic oxide to the tape backing. If you have ever opened a box or canister of old tape, and smelled a "vinegar" smell, you have directly experienced binder breakdown.

Typically, tapes are exposed to changes of temperature that cause the tapes to expand and contract. This speeds up the process of moisture absorption.

Once binder breakdown starts, it accelerates over time, and culminates when large segments of magnetic oxide separate from the tape. When this occurs, the tape is irretrievably lost.

In addition, tape wear caused by misalignment of guides and heads in the tape transport further contribute to tape deterioration.

Tape Squeal

As tape ages, in addition to absorbing moisture, it looses internal lubricants. This increases stick-slip and can result in tape squeal.

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